Tongue Cancer

Treatment of Throat Cancer

Administrator — 2011-01-26T17:44:01+00:00

Throat Cancer Treatment

The throat (pharynx) is a muscular tube that runs from the back of your nose down into your neck.

It contains three sections:

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx, which is also called the Hypopharynx.

Regardless of what has prompted the growth of the cancerous tumor, there are treatment options available, most of which are dependent on the type of cancer, stage of the disease and health of the individual.

Radiation Therapy - Patients with throat cancer will more often than not undergo a course of radiation therapy. This is due to the fact that this type of cancer reacts quite well to the administration of radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy - Depending on the health of the patient, in some cases, chemotherapy will be administered to shrink the size of the tumor.
Surgery - Surgery is a common option for the treatment of throat cancer. Surgery for the treatment of throat cancer can be used alone or in conjunction with other treatments, such as radiation and/or chemotherapy.
Drug Therapy - In some cases, drug therapy can be the best option.

Physician in this Field

Otolaryngologist in Houston, TX - Dr. Alberto A. Maillard, MD
(Dr. Maillard is not associated in any way with TongueCancer.com.)

Treatment of Tongue Cancer

Administrator — 2011-01-23T18:11:09+00:00

Tongue Cancer Treatment

The tongue is actually divided into 2 separate anatomical areas:

The oral tongue is the part you can "stick out" at somebody and extends backward to a V-shaped group of lumps on the back of the tongue which are actually specialized taste buds.
The base of tongue is behind these.

The oral tongue and the base of the tongue comprise the whole tongue.

The Oral Tongue

Most very small cancers of the oral tongue can be quickly and successfully treated by surgical removal leaving behind little cosmetic or functional change. Some cases of Oral Tongue Cancer can be treated with just removal of the primary tumor in the tongue. But as the size of the primary tumor increases the statistical possibility of some cancer cells spreading through lymphatic vessels to the lymph nodes of the neck increases. For more information, please refer to Squamous Cell Cancer of the oral tongue.

Base of Tongue

Because the diagnosis of cancer of the oral tongue often comes a bit later, a greater number of patients with this disease will already have neck metastasis, that is, cancer cells in the lymph nodes of the neck, by the time they are seen by the Head and Neck Surgeon. For more information, please refer to Squamous Cell Cancer of the base of tongue.

Physician in this Field

Otolaryngologist in Houston, TX - Dr. Alberto A. Maillard, MD
(Dr. Maillard is not associated in any way with TongueCancer.com.)

Pictures of Tongue Cancer

Administrator — 2011-01-08T03:11:46+00:00

Pictures of Tongue Cancer: Before and After Surgery to Remove the Cancerous Tumors

Most very small cancers of the oral tongue can be quickly and successfully treated by surgical removal leaving behind little cosmetic or functional change. It is imperative that oral cancer or cancer of the tongue, called Squamous Cell Cancer of the oral cancer, be caught early so as to improve the chances for a full recovery. Larger cancers may indeed have some effect on speech and on swallowing, but one must remember that not treating this problem would cause far more significant problems, up to, and including death.

Before - The above picture represents Squamous Cell Cancer of the oral tongue before surgery was performed to remove the tumors.

After - In the above picture, the cancerous tumors were removed and the patient recovered comfortably.

Before - The above picture represents Squamous Cell Cancer of the oral tongue.

After - In the picture above, the cancerous tumors were removed.

Tongue and Throat Cancer Numbers Rise in Young Adults

Administrator — 2010-12-13T01:40:26+00:00

Tongue and Throat Cancer Numbers Rise in Young Adults

An alarming trend indicates a change in the incidence of oral cancer in young patients, and statistics show the number of cases of oral cancer, tongue cancer and throat cancer is on the rise. Internationally, a review of trends in Europe over the last thirty-five years revealed that a number of countries in Central and Eastern Europe had as high as twice as many oral cancer cases. This increase principally involved males and females that were under 45 years of age.

What do researchers attribute to the increase in Oral Cancer, Tongue Cancer, and Throat Cancer Cases?

In the last decade, scientists have been able to pinpoint the surge in new throat cancer cases and they have presented a theory as to at least two possible causes of the upswing in the number of cases reported. It is theorized that the spike in new cases is due in-part to HPV (human papillary virus). The connection between HPV Virus and throat cancer is outlined in great details at the Health Science News web site. In summary, the virus attacks the area of the upper throat called the oropharynx.

Most recently, however, scientists have pin-pointed another possible cause for the increase in these types of cancer. A recent article in the India Express stated that tongue and throat cancers are up among youth in the region. And researchers attribute this sudden spike in tongue and throat cancer statistics to the use of Gutka. “The incidence of head and neck cancer is really high and most of us treat at least 10-15 patients in the age group of 30-35 every month,” says Dr Sujai Hegde, cancer surgeon at Sahyadri Hospital.

What is Gutka?

Gutka is a preparation of crushed areca nut, tobacco, catechu, paraffin, lime and flavorings. It is manufactured in India and exported to a few other countries. It is sold in individual-sized packets and costs very little. Gutka causes the user to feel a slight "buzz" that is somewhat more intense than that of tobacco. Its use is much like chewing tobacco, and also like chewing tobacco, it is considered responsible for oral cancer and other severe negative health effects. The use of Gutka is on the rise.

The good news (yes, there is some in the field of Cancer)

The good news is that certain types of cancer have declined. Rates of the most common cancer types in men such as prostate, colorectal, and lung are on the decline. And among women, there is also good news on horizon of the ever-persistant battle against cancer. Statistics for new cases of the two most common cancers in women, breast and colorectal, have declined to a certain degree.

Aspirin the Miracle Drug - Cancer Cure

Administrator — 2010-12-08T21:12:15+00:00

Miracle Drug: Aspirin - the Cancer Cure?

Could the cure for one of the most feared diseases of all - cancer - be right there in our local drug store for sale at less than one penny per dose? That's what a new report says. An aspirin a day could cut the risk of death from cancer by as much as a whopping twenty-one percent. The benefits of aspirin last for five years after cancer treatment and then the benefits appear to increase with time, lasting for up to twenty years in some cases. This news has impressed many who have long studied the advantages of an aspirin regimen, but now a new study released this week shows that just one low-dose pill a day, containing 75mg of the drug, cuts the risk of developing a long list of common cancers including those affecting the stomach and bowel, the esophagus, pancreas, lungs, prostate, bladder and kidneys.

Heart Attack and Stroke

We have known for many years that aspirin keeps blood from clotting, which reduces the risk of heart attack and stroke. And aspirin has been found to actually reduce the severity of a heart attack and stroke if taken during the attack. How does it do it? Aspirin prevents platelets in the blood from joining together and forming clusters or clots. Blood clots are bad because they can reduce or completely cut off blood flow to vital organs, including the heart and the brain. Anytime the blood flow is interrupted, a person can be at risk for heart attack or stroke. Aspirin cuts this risk by as much as seventeen percent.

Other Benefits of an Aspirin Regimen

The benefits of aspirin reach far beyond the cardiovascular system. There is evidence showing that aspirin may either slow the progression or even prevent dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease.

Side Effects of an Aspirin Regimen

Not all the news about aspirin is good. There are serious side effects of taking aspirin. It should never be given to children and teenagers because of the risk of Reyes' Syndrome, a very serious disease. Although taking aspirin leads to a wealth of potential health benefits for adults, people should realize that even a baby aspirin is not free of dangerous side effects," says A. Mark Fendrick, M.D., an internist at the University of Michigan Health System. Reyes' Syndrome leads to brain swelling and fatty deposits in the liver, which can ultimately lead to permanent brain damage or even death.

Studies have shown that in some cases, the benefits of taking aspirin for cardiac preventative measures do not outweigh the negatives. For example, an aspirin regimen can lead to serious internal bleeding. Many people who have no history of cardiac disease take a daily aspirin. It should be recognized that although there have been numerous reports that have been released lately touting the benefits of aspirin there are also complications and risks of adhering to an aspirin regimen such as bleeding in the stomach and intestines, and poses risks in groups like the elderly who are prone to falls. "Even low-dose aspirin can substantially increase the risk of serious gastrointestinal bleeding," warned Eric Jacobs, a cancer society official, in a statement. Patients should not try to self-medicate in the hopes of lowering their risk of dying from cancer. It is recommended that anyone who is considering starting an aspirin regimen consult their physician before hand.

Tips for Coping with Cancer - Support from Others

Administrator — 2010-12-02T17:04:22+00:00

Cancer Diagnosis? Tips for Coping

You had a biopsy or a physical examination by a oncologist. You received "the" phone call. At first, the news of a cancer diagnosis may seem surreal. The moment you hear those words...you know that your life has changed forever. How could this happen? Many cancer patients report that they are completely shocked of their cancer diagnosis. Many report that they are surprised because, prior to their diagnosis, they lived healthy lives. They did not smoke or drink excessively. So, the cancer diagnosis can cause feelings of disbelief, extreme anxiety, fear, and an overwhelming feeling of helplessness.

Anyone that has lived through it can attest to the fact that a support group is one of the most important sources of strength while going through cancer treatment. The American Cancer Society has dedicated an entire section of their web site to helping cancer patient's find support.

Support From Others in Similar Situations

Support groups can increase the quality of life for people coping with cancer by offering information and help to overcome feelings of isolation, loneliness, and helplessness that can result from a cancer diagnosis. Indeed, research by the American Cancer Society has shown that people who are coping with cancer are more positive and able to handle their disease when they receive support from others. It has also been found that by receiving help and support from others who were in the same situation or faced the same cancer diagnosis, patients have seen a reduction in fear, fatigue, anxiety, and confusion. After educational and supportive groups intervene in a cancer patient's mental well being, the result is an increase in survival and overall diagnosis.

Get the Facts About a Cancer Diagnosis

After a cancer diagnosis, a patient may feel like they don't know where to turn. These tips may help.

Try to obtain as much basic, useful information as possible about the cancer diagnosis. Write everything down or document it in a computer. Any person that has experienced cancer treatment can tell you....the visits to the doctor can cause fear making it more difficult to "hear" what the doctors are saying. Write down questions and concerns before the appointment and bring them to the appointment. Consider bringing a family member or friend to doctor appointments. Rely and accept help from the support team.

For many patients, the news of a cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming. Anyone that has been diagnosed with cancer knows that understanding what to expect and knowing how to proceed can help make this stressful time a little easier.

Questions to Consider Asking:

What kind of cancer do I have?
Where is the cancer?
Has it spread?
Can my cancer be treated?
What are the treatment options?
What are the pros and cons of each treatment option?
What are the side effects of each treatment option?
What are my chances of survival after each treatment option?
What can I expect during treatment?
When should I call the doctor or visit an emergency room?
What can I do to prevent my cancer from recurring?
Is my cancer genetic and if so, how likely are my children or other family members to get cancer?

Love Helps Defeat Cancer

Recently, Oscar winner Michael Douglas was diagnosed with throat cancer. After completing his treatment, Michael Douglas stated that "love" helped him to defeat cancer. He went on to say that without the love and support of his family, he would not have done as well. Douglas has been resting in his luxury apartment overlooking Central Park after three rounds of chemotherapy and seven weeks of radiation.

Throat Cancer - a True Story - 10 Reasons to Quit Smoking, Identifying and Preventing Throat Cancer

Administrator — 2010-11-18T15:02:44+00:00

A True Story of Throat Cancer

David Briles has spent the last several years trying to convince people to give up tobacco. He has lectured, traveled and spoken to as many people as he could to try and convince people that tobacco is harmful. See, David was 18 years old when he smoked his first cigarette. He bowed to peer pressure and, against his better judgment, he started smoking cigarettes to try and get attention. This is not uncommon. Many smokers report that they tried their first cigarette as a teen to get attention or to look "cool". Then, like so many smokers, they became addicted and so begins the story of tobacco addiction. It can take years, and in David's case, decades to kick the addiction to tobacco. David's story is very convincing because David developed throat cancer and part of his treatment plan was surgery to have his voice box removed. After this type of surgery, only 10 percent of patients ever talk again. The other 90 percent have to talk through a sound box. In David's case, it took him three years to learn how to speak again through a hole in his throat.

"One cigarette led to the second to the third. The addiction kicked in and I was hooked for the next 22 years," David said.

"Tobacco is only one ingredient -- one ingredient of 600," David said.

He said he wants tobacco users to stop and think, "Do I want to take the chance of having that happen to me?"

"I like to take the necklace off for any talk that I do because this gives everybody the chance to see for themselves," he said, displaying the prominent hole in his throat.

Tongue Cancer - Lisa's True Story About Her Diagnosis of Cancer

Administrator — 2010-11-17T01:29:36+00:00

Tongue Cancer - a Patient's Story

Lisa got what she thought was a very bad cold. She missed work and stayed in bed for over a week. During that week, she noticed some pain in her tongue. Shortly afterwards, she developed sores in her throat, and within a few weeks, Lisa was convinced she had a strep infection. Lisa went to the local walk in clinic, (the "doc in a box") and was given some cough medicine and told to go home and rest. Looking back, Lisa recalls thinking about this doctor, a general practitioner MD, and what he misdiagnosed. Would the treatment have been any easier if he had caught her cancer earlier? How could this doctor have missed something so noticeable on her tongue? While Lisa had not actually been able to see anything unusual at the site of the pain on her tongue, she did have white sores all over her mouth. One would think that the white sores would have aroused suspicions by the general practitioner.

Lisa's tongue continued to hurt, and one day several weeks later while she was driving her car, she looked in the mirror, moved her tongue side-to-side trying to see anything that would cause the pain that she was experiencing. Lisa was shocked to see a big, white looking growth on her tongue. She recalls thinking that it was big enough for her to see from some distance away in the rear view mirror. Since it hadn't gone away, Lisa went back to the same Walk In Clinic, this time seeing a different doctor, and she told him that she had been feeling generally lousy and then showed him this "thing" on her tongue. He said it was nothing, gave her some antibiotics, and Lisa was on her way again, convinced that she was crazy and it would go away. After all, Lisa had been examined by two MD's who had now looked in her mouth. Neither doctor suspected it was tongue cancer.

Visual Examination at a Dentists' Office and Early Detection of Oral and Tongue Cancer

No one knows for sure whether even a visual examination in the dentist's office saves lives, though most oral cancer experts believe that it does. That theory is based on the proven benefits of early detection of other cancers and the better survival rates in cases that are detected early - about 80 percent five years after diagnosis. Now with her cancer experience behind her, Lisa realizes how seldom people really take the time to look in their mouths. But many people schedule a cleaning with their dentist every six months. So, it seems logical that a dentist should do regular screenings for irregular growths in their patients' mouths. The American Cancer Society and the American Dental Association recommend a regular visual exam. But even though it is generally covered by insurance, not all dentists perform it. Some oncologists recommend patients request the screening process when visiting the dentist, even if the visit is for the most minor procedure, such as a regular cleaning.

Screening for Oral HPV

A screening tool for HPV in the mouth called OraRisk HPV is a non-invasive, simple-to-perform test to identify the types of oral HPV present as well as the associated risk profile for each type that might be detected. Its growth in popularity is becoming more recognized in the medical community and is most likely due to the increase of oral and tongue cancers due to HPV.

Throat Cancer

Administrator — 2010-09-04T16:55:54+00:00

What is throat cancer?

Some cancer specialists do not use the word “throat cancer” because it is categorized as cancer of the throat and mouth. Many throat cancer diagnoses actually are a diagnosis of the base of the tongue. A recent example of well-publicized throat cancer diagnosis is well-known actor Michael Douglas. He announced in late August 2010 that he was diagnosed with “late stage IV throat cancer”. Oropharyngeal cancer can involve the base of the tongue, the tonsils and the area around the soft palate, and sometimes around the front and back walls of the throat. We have touched on these topics in our Tongue Cancer section and it covers the following topics:

Squamous Cell Cancer of the oral tongue
Squamous Cell Cancer of the base of tongue

What causes throat cancer?

Throat cancer is often a result of long-term smoking and drinking. However, sometimes-genetic factors can increase a person’s chances of developing this type of cancer.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of throat cancer diagnosis reported. Dr. Eza Cohen, a leading oncologist at the University of Chicago Medical Center showed that a strain of throat cancer has been linked to HPV, human papillary virus. The connection between throat cancer and HPV is documented at the Health Science News website here.

What are the symptoms of throat cancer?

The best outcome for any type of cancer is early diagnosis. Throat cancer is no exception.

There are many symptoms of throat caner.

lump in the throat
difficulty swallowing
hoarseness
ear pain

Evidence-Based Dentistry - Detect Oral Cancers Early Through Dental Exams

Administrator — 2010-08-20T20:51:11+00:00

American Dental Association - Recommends “Evidence-Based Dentistry”

A recent posting on the American Dental Association web site describes an interesting study conducted by a panel convened by the ADA Council on Scientific Affairs, a sub-group of the American Dental Association.

The panel, in conjunction with the ADA Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) staff, reviewed five systematic reviews and four clinical studies to determine if dentists could detect oral cancers early through routine dental examination.

The study panel examined four distinct questions in the detection of oral squamous cell carcinomas during routine dental exams:

1. Does routine dental screening reduce the likelihood of potentially malignant lesions on the tongue, cheeks, lips, gums and other parts of the oral cavity?

2. Do specialized treatments help dentists identify potential cancers during routine examinations?

3. Compared to examinations without specialized detection tools, can dentists identify trouble spots or should dentists use these specialized tools for the early detection of squamous cell carcinomas in the mouth?

4. Are there specific groups which benefit more from detailed, dental examinations – groups such as seniors, smokers, men, women and other groups within the larger study group?

According to the panel’s report, “…while oral cancer screenings may detect potentially malignant and malignant lesions, clinicians are urged to remain alert to signs the lesions may become cancerous or early stage cancers while performing routine visual and tactile examinations in all patients, particularly those who use tobacco or consume alcohol heavily.”

It’s been shown that any kind of tobacco use is a cause for potential oral cancers and, when combined with alcohol, people who use tobacco and alcohol in conjunction, are 15 times more likely to be one of the 30,000 men and women diagnosed with tongue cancer or some other form or oral cancer this year.

In plain English, the panel set out to determine if dentists who examine patients for early signs of cancer increased chances of early detection and the conclusion, reported on the ADA web site, is that, indeed, dentists are often in the best position to detect potential cancerous lesions during routine dental examinations.

Dr. Michael Rethman, who undertook the study, stated, “"What's most important is that this (review) points to the need for more research on the natural history of squamous cell carcinomas in the mouth and the epidemiology of oral cancer.

We still don't understand the answers to a lot of fundamental questions like the progression of the disease and whether intervention helps. It's plausible that early diagnosis helps, but we don't even know that.

There's an incredible need for more research on this topic," Dr. Rethman concluded.

What Is Evidence-Based Dentistry?

EBD is a systematic approach to the delivery of dental care involving four main considerations:

Self Exam - Tips to Detect Oral Cancer Early

Administrator — 2010-07-25T23:37:27+00:00

7 Simple Tips to Detect Oral Cancer – EARLY! Self-Exams Save Lives

Our bodies are changing all the time as we age, going from infant and toddler to active senior still in the game. So changes to various body parts are routine. We may see a new mole, but not recognize it as a potential danger sign of a simple skin cancer. Men may visit the bathroom 30 times a day due to an enlarged prostate gland and either choose to live with it or simply accept frequent urination as part of the aging process.

Living with changes, or ignoring change, is especially true of oral cancers – cancer of the tongue, lips, checks, esophagus, larynx and other body bits around your mouth. As with all cancers, the earlier a cancer is detected and treatment undertaken, the better the outcomes. This is especially true of tongue cancer and other oral cancers, yet how often do we examine ourselves for early signs of tongue cancer? Like never?

You’re the one most familiar with your body and the changes and phases it goes through. You’re also in the best position to discover changes that may indicate a form of oral cancer is present since you spend more time looking at your mouth than anyone else.

So, what to look for? Well, oncologists – medical doctors who specialize in the prevention and treatment of cancer, have some suggestions. These tips for self examination don’t take long, they don’t hurt, you can do them yourself and, in the process, make yourself a strong advocate for your own good health.

Here are seven simple self-examine steps you can take to help identify oral cancers in their earliest stages, so you can get yourself into a treatment program NOW!

1. Tongue and floor of the mouth

Look in a mirror and stick out your tongue.

Examine the upper surface of the tongue for any unusual lumps or obvious changes in color. Dark blotches, for example, on the upper surface of the tongue should be examined.

Pull the tongue forward and examine the sides for lumps, bumps, masses and, again, obvious changes in skin color or texture. If you discover any obvious swelling, see a doctor. Oral cancers are often painless, making them difficult to diagnosis based on pain. But you can see oral cancer, in many instances, early enough to solve the problem as an out patient. How cool is that?!

Examine the underside of your tongue by placing the tip of your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Same procedure. See any unusual bumps, lumps, swelling or changes in skin color.

Your tongue should have a uniform texture and uniform color. Glide you finger along the underside of your tongue to feel for unseen bumps. Any deviation should be examined by your family doctor first to see if a visit to an oncologist is step #2.

2. Examine the roof of your mouth.

The roof of the mouth is easy to examine with your eyes and with your fingers. Tilt your head back as you stand in front of a mirror. Position yourself so you get a good view of the entire upper mouth.

Perform a visual exam for discoloration. Then gently slide your finger over the roof of your mouth feeling for any kind of protrusion. (Pizza blisters don’t count.) If you feel anything out of the ordinary, report to your doctor stat!

3. Check your cheeks.

Visually inspect your cheeks. Extend them (be gentle) to look for red, white or dark-colored patches.

Next, place your forefinger on the interior check and your thumb on the outer cheek. Gently squeeze as you rotate you fingers across the entire cheek. This is the best way to detect lumps, bumps or swelling – through the sense of touch. Cheek cancer can often be felt before there are any visible symptoms.

4. Head and Neck

Stand with your head straight up in front of a mirror.

Usually, your face is uniform, i.e., has the same shape on both sides. However, a lump, bump or other protrusion on one side of the face is a definite signal to see your doctor. It may be nothing, it may be something. In either case, it’s worth checking out and a visit to your family doctor is the best place to start when you first detect unevenness within your facial structure.

5. Lips

The lips are highly sensitive to sunlight and lip cancer is one possible (and unfortunate) result. Open your mouth and examine both the outer and inner lip for changes in color or texture.

Gently extend you lips to get the best view of the interior lip area. (You may have to do a little twisting to get the view you want. If so, use a hand mirror to get a good look at the interior lip surface.) Discoloration and protrusions are sometimes early indications of lip cancer.

However, you accidently bite your lip, the lips are constantly moving as you talk, you moisten your lips with your tongue and so on, so expect to see changes. Even the seasons change the exterior portion of the lip so dried lips in the middle of winter aren’t a sign of cancer, though you may want to get some chap stick to keep lips moist.

6. Neck Area

This is where the esophagus and larynx are located, but we can’t see that far down our own throats, even if we stand on our heads. (Please don’t try this at home.)

However, using a feather-light touch, gently slide you fingers along the sides and front of your neck feeling for any lumps that you discover on one side of your neck but not the other. Use your finger tips to gently glide over the skin of your neck feeling for anything out of the ordinary.

Next, apply a small amount of pressure as you slide your fingers over the skin. This time note any tenderness, soreness of swelling. So, first a gentle exam, and then add a little pressure to identify any soreness or swelling.

7. A Persistent Cough

You can feel it and hear it – a cough that just doesn’t go away. Often, you chalk it up to a cold, but you don’t have any symptoms of a cold. Just that cough.

Smokers (28% of Americans still smoke despite all the solid evidence that smoking is bad for just about every part of your body) may experience “smoker’s” cough that comes and goes. This often occurs when the upper portion of the lungs become irritated.

It also occurs when the airway to the lungs becomes irritated and inflamed. Most smokers just live with it, though for many, not as long.

Quitting, even for a couple of days, will sometimes clear up a case of smoker’s cough but if you still have a scratchy sore throat even though you’ve given up smoking until your throat feels better, make an appointment to see your doctor.

There are some other things you can do to ensure early detection of oral cancers beside kicking butt. Ask your dentist to perform an examine each time you’re in for a cleaning. Some dental professionals perform this examine routinely. All will be happy to give your mouth and throat a good look if you ask.

Tongue Cancer Diagnosis? Make it a Family Affair and Get the Support You Need

Administrator — 2010-07-11T19:51:19+00:00

Tongue Cancer: 8 Ways to Make It A Family Affair

Get the Support You Need After a Tongue Cancer Diagnosis from your Family

“You have tongue cancer.”

In the time it takes to hear those words, lives change forever. The folks who receive the dreaded diagnosis instantly become reluctant members of the Big C Club – the club no one joins voluntarily. Cancer of the tongue, the esophagus, gums or larynx changes individuals’ lives permanently.

However, the new cancer patient isn’t the only one impacted by the diagnosis of tongue cancer or other oral cancers. You better believe, it’s going to impact the entire family, social networks, work groups and people who suddenly view themselves as “victims.”

Living with oral cancer is difficult, despite improved outcomes, especially when the disease is caught early. With today’s computer-aided surgical options, oral surgeons can aggressively go after the cancer through the use of laser surgery, more precise radiation treatments and chemo with fewer negative side effects (and a lot more positive affects thanks to on-going reasons into how and why oral cancers develop.)

So, how do you keep life on an even keel after a loved ones receives the frightening diagnosis: “You have cancer of the lip.”

1. Recognize the stages the new patient passes through.

Routinely, new cancer patients go through various phases, ultimately leading to acceptance. Disbelief and denial, deal making with the god of choice, anger (and even mis-directed rage), and, ultimately, acceptance. In fact, many cancer patients report a feeling off calmness when they reach this Zen-like state. What will be will be, one day at a time.

Adapt to the emotions of the patient. If your spouse grumbles that dinner isn’t ready, don’t lash out. Recognize that your spouse isn’t angry that dinner isn’t ready. She’s angry because she’s fighting a battle against cancer and life doesn’t seem fair.

2. Build a support network.

Friends, family, neighbors – all can pitch in and tend to the patients’ needs. As a family member (the only grown-up in the household), you may feel that the full weight of in-family tongue cancer has landed squarely on your shoulders. It hasn’t.

Never be afraid to ask loved ones to help. THEY WANT TO HELP. JUST TELL THEM WHAT YOU NEED DONE!

Expand the support network by joining community groups of cancer survivors. There’s nothing more motivational than hearing how a neighbor fought cancer for 15 years and is now cancer free. That’s motivational.

3. Assess and respect the patient's needs.

Some people react with a “come what may” attitude, others are terrified to death – of death. As a family member, it’s easy to assess what the cancer patient needs.

Some just want a willing ear to listen. At these times, it’s difficult NOT to offer suggestions but, in many cases, the patient just wants to talk. Learn what your family member wants. If she spends two weeks in a darkened room, well, that’s how she deals with a cancer diagnosis. Don’t try to force the patient through the various stages of denial to acceptance. These stages of psychological feeling evolve one into the other without any help from you.

And never say things like “Everything will be alright.” The patient may be made to feel weak or a quitter because she sure doesn’t feel like evertyhing’ll be alright – at least at the moment.

Listen patiently and support your family members feelings. Respect them. They’re the feelings most cancer patients feel upon receipt of that Big C heads up. “Oh, by the way, we found a tumor on your larynx.” Your family member or friend, co-worker or neighbor often just wants to talk without any input. This kind of therapy helps cancer patients to move more smoothly through the emotional stages of being a cancer patient.

4. Maintain household routines

Routines help us maintain order in our lives, enabling us to wake up, trod down stairs in our slippers, start the coffee, let out the dog, feed the cat and get the morning paper – before we’re even awake. Routines (some call them ruts) enable people to multi-task, performing some activities by rote while thinking about two or three other things as we prepare our world famous meat loaf for the 1,000th time.

Expect changes in routine. Visits to physicians, surgeons, radiologists, oncologists and professional counselors trained to help new cancer patients adapt and quickly – to their new circumstances.

5. I’m your wife, not a victim!

One of the worst parts of becoming a member of the Big C Club is that people’s perception of you changes. You go from husband or wife, mother or father, faithful friend or reliable co-worker to cancer victim. Overnight.

And victims FEEL victimized. Treat cancer patients in your life as you normally would. Let the patient take the lead. If he wants to talk about it over lunch, ask for more breadsticks and listen with compassion and patience. But NOT pity.

Cancer patients don’t want your pity. They want your support so don’t change the way you view your cancer-stricken family member, friend or neighbor, Treat them as you always have. Let them know that you’re an ally, available to help and then let the patient chart the course.

If he wants to talk about it, he will. (See being a good listener above.) It’s not about finding solutions. That’s what the medical community does so be there for emotional support, psychological support, love and a big hug. That’s all the patient needs to know.

6. Never play down the feelings of the patient.

Let them cry. Let them release the stress. Let them be enraged. Listen attentively but never tell the cancer patient to “buck up.” You aren’t the one with the cancer diagnosis so best to keep your mouth closed.

7. Accompany the cancer patient on each visit to a medical professional.

Patients – educated patients – are their own best advocates. However, when you’re scared about an unknown future, all that important information – names, dates, appointments, a step-by-step analysis of treatment options - may get lost.

Information overload.

The Psychology of Cancer - Mind Over Matter

Administrator — 2010-06-29T16:56:10+00:00

The Psychology of Cancer: Mind Over Matter

A cancer diagnosis is a life-changing event. One minute, you’re just you, diagnosis is made, you’re now a cancer survivor. Wow, that didn’t take long. And as devastating as that cancer diagnosis is, it isn’t a death sentence. Far from it. There are millions of cancer survivors around the globe enjoying rich, full, LONG lives thanks to advances in treatment options.

An article in Psychology Today points out that one of the most controversial treatment options also delivers the most positive results in more and more people with the Big C diagnosis. The article, first, points out that 50% of men and 33% of women face the prospect of a cancer diagnosis. Hmmm, that can’t be good.

However, the Psychology Today article wasn’t about the widespread nature of cancer. Nope, this article was about the psychology associated with receiving that dreaded diagnosis. More specifically, this informative piece describes the success oncologists and other cancer specialists are seeing in a change in patient psychology.

Psychology and Stress Levels

Hey, you just got a diagnosis of cancer. You’re bound to be stressed to the max. Who wouldn’t be?

However, today, psychologists are brought in to the treatment team to help both patient and family members discover how to cope with the added stress a cancer diagnosis delivers to everyone associated with the actual cancer patient. Many times, the diagnosis is more difficult on family and loved ones than on the patient!

The Psychology Today article also points out that there’s enough solid evidence to suggest that psychology may actually increase the patient’s immune system and extend life – sometimes for decades. Mind over matter folks. There’s been a long-known correlation between the physical and the psychological – the brain. Sure, they’re distinct. But, the brain and body work in conjunction 24/7 so it’s safe to assume that negative emotions, like stress, will make a difficult situation worse for the patient and the family.

One Women’s Story

One patient, mentioned in the Psychology Today article, was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1986. “I was stunned. I spent my lunch hours working out. I ate good things. I was a health nut.”

The patient underwent a mastectomy and, purely by chance, she met a psychologist at the Ontario Cancer Institute.

The patient worked with the psychologist in both private, one-on-one meetings and in support groups that transformed the patients life. She wasn’t alone. She wasn’t singled out. And she discovered that she had a lot to live for.

Together, the patient and the psychologist developed a program of meditation and other relaxation techniques. She also participated in group sessions to learn better how to cope with the grief, fear, depression, anger and “woe-is-me” view that cancer had somehow grabbed her, shook up her life and had pronounced a death sentence.

With the help of the group, by listening to the experiences of others in the same boat, this women learned to live her life – to take control of her life again and not let the cancer diagnosis turn her into a victim. She was in charge, and thanks to the support group and one on one sessions with a psychologist, she conquered cancer.

Sadly, when her cancer returned in 1990, her doctor “gave” her three months to live. “It was the skills I learned that got me through – and continue to get through.” When she applied the mind over matter approach she’d learned from 1986 though 1990 that prepared her for a second devastating diagnosis. The cancer had returned like some unseen, terrifying monster.

Only this time, using the skills, exercises and attitude changes that she’d learned through the Ontario Cancer Institute, she took this second diagnosis of the return of cancer in stride. In fact, this individual went totally pro-active.

First, she stopped all physical treatment. No more chemo or radiation. Why should she continue with these treatment options when they didn’t work in the first place? Makes sense, right?

She spent her time meditating and focusing on the positives in her life, living each day to the fullest. (When a doctor tells you that you’ve got three months to live, you BETTER live each day to fullest and appreciate every sunrise, sunset, thunderstorm and the buzzing of the bees.)

Tongue Cancer - 5 Reasons You Are Never Alone

Administrator — 2010-06-11T14:16:55+00:00

Tongue Cancer Support Groups: 5 Reasons You Are NEVER Alone

A cancer diagnosis is devastating.

Just yesterday, life was normal. Then, a visit to your physician changes everything. “I’m afraid you have cancer of the tongue.” The patient’s life changes in an instant. What was normal is no longer routine. You feel out of control and under attack. Often, you don’t know where to turn.

For many, talking about their condition with family and friends only causes more stress and anxiety for loved ones. So, you pretend that nothing has changed. But it has. And talking about your condition with others is positive therapy. But where do you turn? Who can provide that emotional support so vital improved outcomes?

The answer is simple: you engage people who are experiencing the same thing you are – the fear of the unknown, mortality, a loss of control and a feeling of isolation. Cancer support groups provide a secure environment to talk about your condition and your feelings with people who understand implicitly.

They’re in the same boat.

They understand how you feel and what you’re going through because they feel the same way and they’re going through the same treatments and experiencing the same loss of control as you experience.

There are cancer support groups in even small communities – groups that will welcome you, listen to you and encourage you during tough times. Joining one of these groups eliminates those feelings of loneliness and lessens the fear of the future. Talking about your condition with people in similar positions provides an emotional lift when you need it most.

Let’s take a closer look at the advantages of joining a cancer support group. Then, pick up the telephone to find a support group near you. All you have to do is show up.

1. Coping with emotions.

While cancer is a physiological condition, it also has a significant impact on your emotional state. A support group helps you better understand these emotions and to recognize that your feelings are the norm. When others share their feelings, their fears, their hopes for the future, you realize that you aren’t alone.

There are many men and women going through the same thing you are. Overnight, they’ve become cancer “victims.” People look at them differently, they act differently around them and cancer becomes the topic of conversation whenever you talk to friends and family.

Members of a cancer support group understand these dramatic changes in your life. They’ve experienced the same changes. However, you aren’t different when you belong to a cancer support group. You’re just one of the gang – a member of a group that “gets it.”

These groups are also great sources of medical information. You’ll learn about various treatment options and outcomes. Members swap stories of what a pain chemo is or how fatigued they feel after radiation treatment. Just knowing that your feelings are similar to those in your support group is comforting.

2. You’ll make new friends.

Cancer support groups encourage bonding with other individuals who have received a cancer diagnosis. It won’t take long to make friends – friends you can call or have lunch with and pick up a little support from someone who won’t find your cancer the center of conversation.

These new friends would rather talk about sports or work or family or shopping – anything BUT cancer. Joining a cancer support group puts you in good company – people just like you. People who want to be supportive no matter how you feel that day. They know that the next day they may be calling you to blow off a little steam or to talk about that day’s treatment.

These friends put joy back into your life and offer the opportunity to forget you’re a cancer “victim.” Instead, you’re you again and cancer isn’t on that day’s list of discussion points.

3. Cancer support groups educate family and friends.

What Makes Tongue Cancer So Insidious?

Administrator — 2010-05-08T17:00:16+00:00

What Makes Tongue Cancer So Insidious?

A diagnosis of cancer – any kind of cancer – is a life-altering experience. You become an instant cancer survivor. Your self-image changes. The way others treat you changes. Relationships with loved ones change. Everything changes when your doctor says those dreaded words – you have cancer.

However, today, cancer survival rates continue to rise. Medical and pharmaceutical professionals are discovering more and better treatments. And, thanks to advancements in robotic surgical technology and radiation therapy, people are living with cancer – long, happy lives. In fact, many cancer survivors tell poll takers that receiving that horrible diagnosis changed their lives for the better. Why?

Because these men and women appreciate every day in ways that non-cancer patients never can. Most of us take each day for granted. We take good health for granted. Ask any cancer survivor how they feel about today. It’s great to be alive.

The Insidious Nature of Tongue Cancer

36,000 of us will be told that we have tongue cancer or some other form of oral cancer in 2010 and the disease will take 8,000 lives. Part of the reason that tongue cancer is so insidious is that the symptoms are difficult, even impossible, to detect until the disease is in its latest stages. In other words, the cancer isn’t caught early.

The best outcomes for tongue cancer treatments occur when the disease is caught early. This often occurs during routine dental examinations – recommended every six months along with a cleaning, or through a visit to the family doctor’s office. Medical and dental professionals are trained to look for signs of tongue, mouth and throat cancer and for good reason.

Those of us who do get tongue cancer may not know it until the condition is in an advanced stages. Here’s why.

Tongue Cancer Doesn’t Hurt

Some forms of cancer cause physical pain – the body’s warning system that something is amiss. For example, kidney cancer often causes lower back pain early in the development of the disease. So, thinking s/he has a bad back, these patients visit a physician. And though they receive a completely different and unanticipated diagnosis, the disease is caught early and the cancerous kidney can be removed laparoscopically through the patient’s belly button.

This shortens recovery times and places less strain on the body so healing occurs faster and outcomes are improved. So are survival rates.

One problem with tongue and other oral cancers is that, often, there’s no pain involved. It doesn’t hurt. You might even think that lump at the base of your tongue was caused when you burned your mouth on the pizza the other night!

Because tongue and other oral cancers don’t cause discomfort, we’re less apt to seek treatment early.

Solution: Schedule a regular visit to your dentist every six months. And if you’re over the age of 40, smoke and/or drink alcohol, chew tobacco or have a history of oral cancer in your family tree, see a physician once a year for a quick glance at the interior of your mouth.

The medical or dental professional will look for certain white patches of skin that may or may not indicate the presence of cancer. (Maybe you DID burn your mouth on last night’s pizza.) On the other hand, if there’s an obvious lesion or other identifier, these professionals will detect the problem early so you can get treatment early – the best the earliest.

Symptoms of Tongue Cancer

Administrator — 2010-04-27T23:40:10+00:00

Tongue Cancer: What Are The Symptoms?

Tongue cancer is often grouped with other oral cancers such as cancer of the hard palette, throat cancer and even lip cancer, though the medical community recognizes that tongue cancer is a distinct condition with its own set of risk factors, symptoms and treatment options.

Tongue cancer is a subset of head and neck cancers. In the case of tongue cancer sqaumous cells of the tongue expand uncontrollably creating a tumorous growth. If caught early, surgery can often remove the cancerous growth before it metastasizes and spreads to other parts of the body. So, early diagnosis and treatment is highly recommended.

But what do you look for? Tongue cancer isn’t something most of us think about – at least not often. However, knowing what to look for may get you to a specialist sooner rather than later, preventing a serious problem from becoming an even more serious problem.

Who’s At Risk?

Determining if you’re in the “high-risk” category is fairly straightforward. Detecting tongue cancer often occurs during a routine dental exam or a physical at the family physician’s office.

The risk factors are well known, enabling you to determine if, indeed, you’re in the high risk group.

Males versus Females

Men are more likely to receive a diagnosis of tongue cancer than women, in part because of lifestyle differences. For example, the use of tobacco is a common cause of the onset of tongue cancer and since men are more likely to use tobacco than women, more men are diagnosed with the condition than women.

Your Age

Tongue cancer becomes more likely as we age. People over the age of 40 are more likely to develop tongue cancer than younger people. This doesn’t preclude young people from developing the condition but if you’re 40 years old or older, the likelihood of developing tongue cancer increases.

With this in mind, make sure your dentist or family doctor checks for tongue cancer the older you become.

Poor Oral or Dental Hygiene

Brushing regularly won’t prevent tongue cancer but it will lower the risk of getting the disease. Brush and floss after each meal and have a dental cleaning every six months to ensure that your dental and oral hygiene are at optimum levels.

Irritation of the Mucous Membranes

The mucous membranes produce saliva and mucous that’s used to break down the foods we eat. In fact, chewing food is the first step in the digestive process. Saliva contains enzymes that help start the break-down of food into a form that can be used by the body by extracting nutrients in food.

Irritation of mucous membranes and salivary glands occurs through the use of tobacco and alcohol. When used in combination, often the case, the risk of developing tongue cancer increases accordingly. And the longer these substances are used the greater the chances of developing tongue cancer.

History of Mouth Ulcers

If you experience ulcers inside the oral cavity you’re at greater risk of developing tongue cancer than those people who don’t develop what we sometimes call canker sores.

Again, while canker sores are not a definitive symptom of tongue cancer a history of canker sores over a long period of time increases the chances of developing tongue cancer.

Family History

Many cancers are now attributed to genetic or hereditary conditions. Thus, if cancer runs in the family you may be more susceptible to developing tongue cancer. If oral cancer runs in the family, the risk factors are increased.

Symptoms of Tongue Cancer

Recognizing the early symptoms of tongue cancer is often the best defense against the disease. A single symptom does NOT necessarily indicate the presence of tongue cancer. However, if two or more symptoms are present, see your doctor as soon as possible. Again, tongue cancer can be treated more effectively when it is detected early.

So, what should you look for when performing your own diagnosis?

Are You in the “High Risk” Group?

Are you a male, over 40 years of age who smokes and/or drinks alcohol? Do you get a lot of canker sores? Does cancer run in the family? If you’re in the high risk group, obviously you should take any symptoms seriously and visit with a specialist in the treatment of oral cancers.

Lesions, a Lump or Ulcer on the Tongue

Any kind of abnormal growth on the tongue should be viewed as a warning sign. The lesion may appear on the upper region of the tongue or on the underside of the tongue where the tongue rests on the floor of the mouth.

Again, a lesion or a lump on the tongue doesn’t automatically indicate tongue cancer but it is an early symptom and, therefore, worth having checked. BTW, your doctor will take a small piece of a possible cancerous lump, send it out for testing and, from the results, determine the best course of treatment. When caught early, tongue cancer is curable. When left untreated, the cancer will spread to other parts of the body and that’s something you DON’T want to happen.

Oral Cancer and Robotic Surgery

Administrator — 2010-04-20T23:32:01+00:00

Oral Cancer and Robotic Surgery: Less Is More In the Operating Room

Receiving a diagnosis of tongue cancer, cancer of the larynx, cheek or lip cancer – any kind of cancer – is a life-altering event. You will never be the same. But that doesn’t mean you can’t still be you. In fact, strides in oncology (cancer-related) surgery have changed, not only the look of the operating room, it’s given hope and a better quality of life to thousands of cancer patients.

The reason is the introduction of robotic surgery – the use of robotic arms to perform delicate operations. Now, some of us might think of “Star Wars” and CP3O, the gold-plated robot with the crisp British accent, fussing about in the operating room but that’s not what robotic surgery is all about.

What Is Robotic Surgery?

It hasn’t been around that long. The University of Rochester Medical Center – a leading edge research and teaching hospital alongside Rochester’s General Hospital – has only been using robotic surgical procedures since 2003. That’s not a long time in terms of medical advancements. But since 2003, the medical center has performed more than 6,000 individual procedures using robotics.

And even today, many hospitals are using non-robotic procedures, operating the old-fashioned way – with surgeon and scalpel.

Now, in many cases, that highly-skilled surgeon wielding that highly-sharpened scalpel is the best course of treatment. Surgical professionals can “feel” things during the operation that wouldn’t be picked up by a surgeon using a robotic arm to perform surgery. In other cases, robotic surgery delivers greatly improved outcomes.

Robotic surgery is nothing more than computer assisted surgery. That same skilled surgeon employs highly sensitive, sophisticated robotic arms to control the entire operation. Sometimes the surgeon isn’t even in the operating theater! Sometimes, he or she isn’t even in the same state! Using real time video, surgical specialists have operated on patients remotely using multiple high-tech, high-resolution video cameras as their eyes and sensitive, precise robotic arms as their arms in the operating room.

Using multiple video cameras and state-of-the art technology, the robotic surgeon has a full, three-dimensional view of the patient and the area under surgery. The monitor used by the surgeon can also zoom in and out, providing the surgeon with complete control over what he sees – a clear, unobstructed view of the entire operation – in full 3-D. It’s like being there, only through a TV screen.

There are three main parts to a robotic surgical device:

the operating console: this is where the surgeon performs her magic. Using joysticks and foot pedals, the surgeon controls everything from the view she sees on the monitor to the exact location of the scalpel down to the tiniest of spaces.

the robotic arms: most systems come with four different robotic arms controlled by the surgeon running the console. Each arm is controlled individually with highly-sensitive, feather touch joysticks that are under the control of the operating surgeon AND computers to add just a touch more precision.

the video system: using multiple cameras positioned around and inside the patient, the operating surgeon controls the view he needs at any given moment during the operation. Zoom in, zoom out, move right, left, up, down – all with the light touch of a hand on a joystick or foot on a pedal.

The surgeon can even direct the video signal to a computer monitor programmed with a grid showing the surgeon exactly where to operate. The signal can also be sent to a specially equipped microscope so the surgeon can look through the microscope’s eye pieces for the closest possible view of the operating field.

While the surgeon may be in another room, the patient is surround by surgical nurses and other surgeons who take directions from the lead surgeon operating the robotic arms, so though a patient may be unconscious, he still receives that all important human touch, even though the surgery itself is being performed by robotic arms. Indeed…

…robotic surgery is the wave of the future, and for good reasons.

Risk Factors of Tongue Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer

Administrator — 2010-04-10T20:48:28+00:00

Oral Cancers: Who’s At Risk? YOU ARE, SO CUT IT OUT!

Oncology is the study of cancer, its causes and treatments, and as a science, oncology has come a long way in a few short years. Today, the prognosis for those who are diagnosed with cancer of the lip, tongue, larynx and other parts of the mouth and throat, is better than ever.

Treatment options are more diverse, more precise and less invasive, meaning that those cancer survivors who receive this devastating diagnosis live longer, better, happier lives despite the fact that medical professionals still don’t understand why one person develops oral cancer while another remains cancer free.

However, we do know some things about oral cancer for fact. It’s a fact that these cancers are NOT contagious. You can’t “catch” cancer from someone who’s been diagnosed with the disease. We also know that certain lifestyle factors contribute to the likelihood of developing oral cancer and that, by changing these lifestyle habits, the risk of receiving that diagnosis diminish as you improve your health and the quality of your life and the lives of those closest to you.

Risk Factor #1: Up in Smoke

So, even though the exact cause of tongue cancer, mouth cancer, lip cancer and other forms of oral cancer may be unknown, the correlation between certain behaviors and oral cancer is clear,

The number one risk factor, according to oncology specialists, is tobacco in any and all forms. Smoking cigarettes, cigars and pipes are known risk factors. In fact, tobacco is the number one known risk factor. Need another reason to kick a bad habit?

Okay. The longer you smoke, the more likely the chances of developing oral cancer. Simple as that.

Dipping snuff is also a known risk factor. Placing that “pinch” between cheek and gum not only causes a long list of dental problems (not to mention it’s just plain gross), snuff – also called “smokeless tobacco” is a known risk factor – something many patients discover too late. The cancer is already present.

Risk Factor#2: Alcohol Consumption

Tobacco use has long been associated with oral cancers but in recent years, studies indicate that drinking alcohol is also a contributing factor. Folks who imbibe are more likely to receive a cancer diagnosis than those who don’t. That’s a fact. And, the more people drink, the greater the chances of developing what was once a deadly disease.

Another fact: heavy drinkers AND smokers significantly increase the chances of developing oral cancer. In combination, alcohol and tobacco (both irritants to the sensitive tissues of the oral cavity) account for 75% of all forms of oral cancer. THAT stat alone should tell you all you need to know. It should also provide the motivation you need to change some bad habits forever.

So, should you stop drinking? Should you kick butt? What do you think? And not just to reduce your chances of developing tongue cancer or other forms of oral cancer. Tobacco and alcohol, especially in combination, are associated with a number of cancers and other diseases. Looking for that final reason to live a healthier life? Well, now you have that final reason: oral cancer.

Lip Cancer

Administrator — 2010-04-05T20:51:21+00:00

Squamous Cancer of the Lip is often related to exposure to the sun, wind, and the elements. Here in Texas there is a high incidence of this in farmers, ranchers, telephone linemen, fishermen, golfers, and outdoorsmen in general. And some folks will get this cancer without any predisposing factor.

This tumor usually appears as a non-healing ulcer at the junction of the middle third and outer third of the lower lip. Sometimes a non-cancerous, but non-healing raw area will be persistent for many months before an actual cancer is formed. There are many ways to treat cancer of the skin. It may be frozen, it can be cauterized or burned, it can be treated with radiation, it can be treated with acid, creams, solutions, ointments. But we believe the surest, most direct, most efficient treatment for Squamous Cell Cancer of the lower lip is surgical removal.

This is usually performed as on outpatient under either local or general anesthesia, that is to say, awake or asleep. There are some changes in the local anatomy, but nothing very significant in most cases. Large or advanced cases, on the other hand, may require extensive surgery and plastic/reconstructive procedures to give the patient his or her best chance at cure of the disease and, at the same time, a good looking lip that works well.

In a very small percentage of cases, the cancer will have spread to the lymph glands of the neck. In those cases removal of those lymph glands is necessary. This is called a "neck dissection". Finally, even more rarely, radiation therapy may be considered as a part of the treatment plan.

Most early cancers of the lip are quite curable, but some are not. Only a candid and detailed discussion with your doctors can give you an idea as to what your prognosis may be.

Tongue Cancer

Administrator — 2010-04-05T20:50:41+00:00

Index of this page:

The most common type of cancer of the tongue is called Squamous Cell Carcinoma. There are other types of cancers of the tongue but they are statistically uncommon. If you have questions about some of these more rare cancers, read more.

The tongue is actually divided into 2 separate anatomical areas, the oral tongue is the part you can "stick out" at somebody and extends backward to a V-shaped group of lumps on the back of the tongue which are actually specialized taste buds. The base of tongue is behind these. The oral tongue and the base of the tongue comprise the whole tongue but it is important to know that they develop from different embryonic tissue and really are somewhat dissimilar. Most importantly, this explains why the treatment for squamous cell carcinoma for the oral tongue is usually quite different from the treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue.

Squamous Cell Cancer of the oral tongue.

This tumor is usually located on the side, or what we call the lateral border, of the oral tongue. It is usually somewhat ulcerated and is grayish-pink to red in color. It will often bleed easily if bitten or touched. It is generally seen in the older age groups though we have had one 21 year old woman present with a small cancer, and just recently a 32 old lady from the Austin area come to us from the Internet for treatment of a significant squamous cell cancer of the tongue. Smoking and drinking are known to contribute to the formation of the cancers, although some folks have developed squamous cancer of the tongue with no known extra risk factors.

Most very small cancers of the oral tongue can be quickly and successfully treated by surgical removal leaving behind little cosmetic or functional change. THIS IS NOT ALWAYS TRUE, HOWEVER, AS THERE CAN BE MANY VARIABLES AND FACTORS THAT CAN SERIOUSLY IMPACT SPEECH AND SWALLOWING. This can only be assessed by a face to face Surgeon/Patient meeting and examination.

Larger cancers may indeed have some effect on speech and on swallowing, but one must remember that not treating this problem would cause far more significant problems, up to, and including death. If one thinks about that for a moment; a few changes in speech or swallowing seem like a pretty good swap.

There is a school of thought that small oral tongue cancers can be better managed by radiation therapy alone, and this is indeed true in some cases, especially where the patient has serious heart and/or lung disease that might make anesthesia risky. Fortunately, this is a rare occurrence.

The main reason for treating small sqamous cancer of the oral tongue with surgery is that it is at least as curative as radiation, possibly better, it is over with quickly, oftentimes done as an out patient procedure instead of 5 - 6 weeks of daily therapy, it may be significantly less expensive, and finally, and most importantly, it means that if a patient were to later present with a 2nd or 3rd Squamous Cell Cancer of the mouth/throat/or voice box area, you would still have radiation therapy as a treatment option, perhaps then being able to avoid a significant and disfiguring operation. There is a limit as to how much radiation normal tissue can take before it dies.

Some cases of Oral Tongue Cancer can be treated with just removal of the primary tumor in the tongue. But as the size of the primary tumor increases the statistical possibility of some cancer cells spreading through lymphatic vessels to the lymph nodes of the neck increases. The site and pattern of the involved lymph nodes is pretty much constant --- that is to say we know where in the neck to look for enlarged lymph nodes that might contain metastatic cancer cells from the oral tongue cancer. Exceptions to these rules are sometimes seen, but they are uncommon. When the presence of enlarged lymph nodes in the neck is detected or when the index of suspicion is high that there may be cancer cells present in lymph nodes, then an operation called a neck dissection is performed to remove these "secondary" deposits of cancer. Remember, the oral tongue cancer is the "primary" tumor from where the spreading cells originate.

There are many forms of neck dissections from radical to conservative and I can not really go into the differences and unique characteristics of each one. Suffice to say that this is an area of medical judgement and decision making that relies heavily on the experience of the surgeon. While many physicians may have had some exposure to neck dissections at some point in their career, there are very few Head and Neck Surgeons, usually found in large medical centers, who can truly say that their career has been dedicated to this type of disease and they have done hundreds or perhaps thousands of these procedures. At The Head and Neck Surgery Clinic of Houston, we will have been doing Head and Neck cancer surgery and neck dissections for half a century come 1999.

Finally, there may sometimes be the need to perform plastic surgery and/or reconstruction following removal of the tumor, and radiation treatments may have to be given after the surgery to try to minimize the possibility of recurrence of the disease and ultimate treatment failure. Yes, sometimes in spite of every effort, every bit of hard work, in spite of supportive care and even our prayers, some patients will be lost to this disease. It is a sad thing to have to watch and be a part of, but it is one of life's unpleasant realities. For now, we will have to content ourselves with the knowledge that most of our tongue cancer patients survive quite nicely and hope that new research and new discoveries in the future will allow us to help our patients even more.

Squamous Cell Cancer of the base of tongue

Like the oral tongue, the base of tongue (or posterior 1/3) can also grow several types of cancers, but again, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common and we will direct our comments with that in mind.Unlike oral tongue cancers, base of tongue squamous cell cancer is usually larger when diagnosed because in the early stages it can not be seen and it creates few, if any, symptoms. Later however, base of tongue cancer may create pain, a sense of fullness, changes in what the voice sounds like, and perhaps even some difficulty in swallowing. Also, because the diagnosis often comes a bit later, a greater number of patients with this disease will already have neck metastasis, that is, cancer cells in the lymph nodes of the neck, by the time they are seen by the Head and Neck Surgeon.

While it may technically feasible to surgically remove some base of tongue cancers, it is our opinion that most can and should be treated by radiotherapy. These tumors are arguably more sensitive to radiation treatment than some other cancers. Certainly, there are exceptions to this. Radiation therapy can also be used to control the cancer in the neck nodes as long as it is not too advanced. Interestingly, in those cases, we will sometimes remove massive neck node disease before starting radiation therapy when we know that x-ray therapy alone would not be successful in controlling the neck disease.

The prognosis after treatment of base of tongue cancer will vary from patient to patient as with any type of malignant disease. It has been our experience that the cure rate is good, but not quite as good as for early detected oral tongue cancer. The fact that base of tongue cancers are usually larger at the time of diagnosis probably is a significant contributing factor to this disparity. Very large base of tongue cancer may require a combination of surgery and radiation.